Power System
Power system is a network
which is used for flow of electric power from generating station to different
load areas. Power System network consists of three different parts i.e. power
generation, power transmission and power distribution. It may be a simple
network or a complex network which contains large number of transmission line,
generating stations, substations etc. A practical smaller power system found in
industries hospitals building etc. they have their own diesel generator which
supply electric power to different loads in their premises. In power system
engineering we study different techno-economical way of generating power and
transmit to different load areas. There are several parts of power system which
we are studied in power system engineering these are power generation, power
transmission, power distribution, power system stability, power system
operation and control, fault analysis, economic load flow, power system
protection etc.
Power Generation
The electric power is generated in the generating stations with
the help of generators (Synchronous Generator) in the range of 11kv to 33kv and
then step up with the help of step up transformer to different voltage levels
like 66kv, 132kv, and higher level for transmission. There are several types of
generating stations which are used different types of fuel to generate electric
power. These are
Thermal
Power Plants which are used Bituminous Coal as fuel. In Thermal Power
Plant heat energy is converted in electric energy and this heat energy in
produced by burning of coal. Thermal Power Plant fulfills the major portion of
electric power demand in India.
Hydro Power
Plants which are used water as fuel. In hydro power plant stream of
water rotates the generator turbines which produces kinetic energy in generator
and then this energy is converted into electrical energy.
Nuclear
Power Plants which are used radioactive element like uranium as fuel.
Solar Power
Plant uses sun light to generate electrical power
Wind
Turbine uses flow of air to generates electric power
Etc.
Generally these power plants are constructed far away from
urban areas because of certain point of view.
Fuel like coal and water which is required in bulk amount
founds far away from cities. So for reduced transportation cost generating
station are constructed in remote areas.
Some generating stations like nuclear power plant are more
dangerous. So from protection point of view these generating stations are
constructed in remote areas.
These generating plants require large area for construction
that’s why these generating stations are constructed in remote areas.
Power Transmission
Electric power is transmitted to different
distribution stations from remote generating stations through transmission
system. Electric Power at high voltage level is transmitted in bulk amount
through overhead as well as under-ground transmission line to different transmission
substation (primary substation). In transmission substations, the voltage level
of electric power is step down by step down transformer to a suitable value for
further transmission and then transmitted to different distribution
substations. Generally voltage level of transmission is kept high for
efficiency consideration. In modern power system AC as well as DC transmission
systems are used.
HVAC Transmission (High Voltage AC Transmission)
In HVAC Transmission System transmission of electric
power can be done through single phase transmission line or through three phase
transmission line. But for efficiency and economic consideration three phase ac
transmission is more dominant. In India major part of transmission system are
covered by Ac Transmission. In modern power system several voltage level like 66Kv,
110Kv, 230Kv 400Kv and 765Kv are used for AC transmission. The transmission
lines above 230kv generally refer as (EHV Extra High Voltage) transmission
line.
HVDC Transmission (High Voltage DC Transmission)
In recent trends in power system DC transmission are
also used in the form of the HVDC transmission. In India, the first 500 kV HVDC
overhead transmission line is 800 km long in between Rihand and Delhi. In India,
the highest transmission voltage level is reached 800kV. Dc transmission requires
converter at each end of the line. The sending end converter acts as a rectifier
converting AC into DC and the receiving end converter acts as an inverter
converting DC to AC.
For more details about HVDC Transmission >>> click here
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